$x ray stress fracture shin$ $x ray stress fracture shin$

20, 22 Once forces reach the plastic range, a lower load causes greater deformation it is at this level that forces summate to permanently damage the bone. 17, 23, 24 Forces that exceed a critical level above the elastic range are in the plastic range. The force that a bone can endure and still rebound back to its original state without damage is within the elastic range. 7 In most activities of daily living (ADLs), when the force is removed, the bone elastically rebounds to its original position. 7 The bone's stress-strain response depends on the load's direction the bone's geometry, microarchitecture, and density and the influence of surrounding muscular contractions. 7, 22 Low levels of these forces cause bone to deform, 23 which is known as strain.

$x ray stress fracture shin$

Whether the stress comes from the pull of a muscle or the shock of a weight-bearing extremity contacting the ground, it is defined as the force applied per unit area of the load-bearing bone. 16 – 21īone endures a stress whenever a force is loaded upon it. Instead, they arise as the result of repetitive applications of stresses that are lower than the stress required to fracture the bone in a single loading. 16 – 20 Stress fractures are not the result of one specific insult. 15Ī stress fracture is a partial or incomplete fracture caused by the accumulation of stress to a localized area of bone. 10, 14 One explanation for this difference may be the lower overall bone density in whites as compared with the other 2 groups. In the military, white men and women have shown a higher incidence of stress fractures than African Americans or Hispanics. 13Ī disparity also exists in the incidence of stress fractures among the races. Whereas Hickey et al 11 found differences between athletic men and women that were similar to those in military populations, others have reported that female collegiate athletes have a similar 12 or only slightly higher rate of injury than men. 8 – 10 In athletes, however, the disparity between the sexes is not as conclusive. In military populations, women are more likely to sustain stress fractures. 7 Some trends exist in the incidence of stress fractures between the sexes and among the races. The cyclic program should allow the physically active person to remove the source of the stress to the bone, maintain fitness, promote a safe return to activity, and permit the bone to heal properly.ĭifferent study designs, populations, and classification schemes make it difficult to definitively report the incidence of stress fractures in varying populations. Once a stress fracture is suspected, a cyclic management program that incorporates the physiology of bone remodeling should be initiated. Stress fractures occur as the result of increased remodeling and a subsequent weakening of the outer surface ofthe bone. Effective management includes a cyclic process of activity and rest that is based on the remodeling process of bone.Ĭonclusions/Recommendations: Bone continuously remodels itself to withstand the stresses involved with physical activity. When a stress fracture is suspected, appropriate management of the injury should begin immediately. Increased stress leads to an acceleration of this remodeling process, a subsequent weakening of bone, and a higher susceptibility to stress fracture. Objective: To describe the anatomy of bone and the physiology of bone remodeling as a basis for the proper management of stress fractures in physically active people.ĭata Sources: We searched PubMed for the years 1965 through 2000 using the key words stress fracture, bone remodeling, epidemiology, and rehabilitation.ĭata Synthesis: Bone undergoes a normal remodeling process in physically active persons.

$x ray stress fracture shin$

X ray stress fracture shin